May 2026
Original scientific article
OPTIMIZED GIS-BASED RISK MAPPING OF WATER WALLS IN KIRKUK CITY
In Kirkuk City, Iraq, groundwater pollution is increasingly a problem due to intense urbanization, population growth, and unregulated water well drilling. Although the systematic assessment of groundwater pollution is essential to domestic and agricultural applications, the systematic analysis of its contamination has not been conducted, and the cu...
By Amel Nashat Shakir, Omar Falah Mirdan, Arjan Sharfuldeen Omar