Divel d.o.o. Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina
Građevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Dok je kod ostalih građevinskih objekata opterećenje poznato, kod objekata izgrađenih na ili u stijenskoj masi, u većini slučajeva, opterećenje nije poznato jer ono ovisi o nizu čimbenika koji potječu od ponašanja sredine u kojoj se nalazi objekt, zatim o međusobnom međudjelovanju te sredine i obloge, kao i o tehnologiji izvođenja radova. Poznavanje „in situ“ naprezanja nužno je za projektiranje i izradu podzemnih objekata, posebno kod odabira pogodnih lokacija i orijentacije tunela i drugih podzemnih otvora, optimalnih oblika i veličina podzemnih otvora i odabira pogodnog sustava podgrade, učinkovitih i sigurnih izrada kampada kod zasjeka i prirodnih kosina, kao i temeljenja građevinskih objekata. Problematika primarnih naprezanja naročito je složena ako su u pitanju anizotropne, heterogene i diskontinuirane sredine, te u tim slučajevima ove probleme možemo rješavati putem eksperimentalnih ispitivanja i istraživanja «in situ», ili analizom na numeričkim modelima. Postojanje pukotinskih sustava, te njihova orijentacija, znatno utječu na raspodjelu i intenzitet naprezanja.
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