In recent decades, remote-controlled vehicles (ROVs) have attracted significant attention because of their potential applications in healthcare, medicine, agriculture, and civilian information. In this article, we investigate the development of low-cost mobile robots equipped with a global positioning system (GPS). GPS-assisted robot is used to provide geographical information and navigation for vehicle control via radiofrequency (RF) long-range (LoRa) wave communication signals. Micro-processing units, including a GPS U-blox NEO M8N integrated antenna, an RF LoRa circuit, and moving actuators, are deployed. Additionally, the U-center 18.06 software acts as a monitoring station. Outdoor experiments proved our design performed well, with reduced latency errors and increased location accuracy.
Everett HR. Sensors for Mobile Robots. A K Peters/CRC Press; 1995.
2.
Huy DT. Selecting Various Industrial Competitors Affect The Risk Level of Viet Nam Investment and Finance Industry. International Journal of Information, Business and Management. 2014 Aug 1;6(3):158.
3.
Tran CT. The risk level of Vietnam wholesale and retail industry during and after the global crisis 2007–2011. Int Acad J Innov Res. 2015;5(1):60–8.
4.
Elliott DK, Kaplan ED, editors. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Boston (MA): Artech House Publishers; 1996. J Navig. Journal of Navigation. 1997;50(1):151–2.
5.
Balico LN, Loureiro AA, Nakamura EF, Barreto RS, Pazzi RW, Oliveira HA. Localization Prediction in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2018 May 29;20(4):2784–803.
6.
Khojasteh AN, Jamshidi M, Vahedi E, Telikani S. Introduction to global navigation satellite systems and its errors. International Academic Institute for Science and Technology. 2016 Mar;3(3):53–61.
7.
Pavithra V, Praveena R, Sajeetha S, Deepa R. Dual Tone Multiple Frequency based home automation. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology. 2020 Jul 31;11(1):95–9.
8.
Boukerche A, Oliveira HA, Nakamura EF, Loureiro AA. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A New Challenge for Localization-Based Systems. Computer Communications. 2008 Jul 30;31(12):2838–49.
9.
Qureshi KN, Abdullah AH. Localization-Based System Challenges in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Survey. The Smart Computing Review. 2014 Dec;4(6).
10.
Li X, Ge M, Dai X, Ren X, Fritsche M, Wickert J, et al. Accuracy and reliability of multi-GNSS real-time precise positioning: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo. Journal of Geodesy. 2015 Jun;89(6):607–35.
11.
Augustin A, Yi J, Clausen T, Townsley WM. A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power Networks for the Internet of Things. Sensors. 2016 Sep 9;16(9):1466.
12.
Isaia C, Michaelides MP. A Review of Wireless Positioning Techniques and Technologies: From Smart Sensors to 6G. Signals. 2023 Jan 28;4(1):90–136.
13.
Zafari F, Gkelias A, Leung KK. A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2019 Apr 16;21(3):2568–99.
14.
Paredes WD, Kaushal H, Vakilinia I, Prodanoff Z. LoRa Technology in Flying Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey of Challenges and Open Issues. Sensors. 2023 Feb 21;23(5):2403.
15.
Leick A, Rapoport L, Tatarnikov D. GPS satellite surveying. John Wiley & Sons; 2015 Mar 2.
16.
Sun L, Wu Y, Xu J, Xu Y. An RSU-assisted localization method in non-GPS highway traffic with dead reckoning and V2R communications. . In2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). 2012 Apr 21 (pp. 149-152). IEEE.
17.
Wei L, Cappelle C, Ruichek Y, Zann F. Intelligent Vehicle Localization in Urban Environments Using EKF-based Visual Odometry and GPS Fusion. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2011 Jan 1;44(1):13776–81.
18.
Xiaohui S, Jianping X, Jun Z, Lei Z, Weiye L. Application of dynamic traffic flow map by using real time GPS data equipped vehicles. In2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications . 2006 Jun 21 (pp. 1191-1194). IEEE.
19.
Wall R, Bennett J, Eis G. Creating a low-cost autonomous vehicle. InIEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 02 2002 Nov 5 (Vol. 4, pp. 3112-3116). IEEE.
20.
North E, Georgy J, Tarbouchi M, Iqbal U, Noureldin A. Enhanced mobile robot outdoor localization using INS/GPS integration. In2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems. 2009 Dec 14 (pp. 127-132). IEEE.
21.
Raible J, Blaich M, Bittel O. Differential GPS supported navigation for a mobile robot. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2010 Jan 1;43(16):318–23.
22.
Reyes D, Millan G, Osorio-Corparan R, Lefranc G. Mobile Robot Navigation Assisted by GPS. IEEE Latin America Transactions. 2015 Jul 22;13(6):1915–20.
23.
Ünal I, Topakci M. Design of a Remote-controlled and GPS-guided Autonomous Robot for Precision Farming. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems. 2015 Dec 29;12(12):194.
24.
Davidek D, Klecka J, Horak K, Novacek P. Odometer Module for Mobile Robot with Position Error Estimation. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2016 Jan 1;49(25):346–51.
25.
Panigrahi PK, Bisoy SK. Localization strategies for autonomous mobile robots: A review. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences. 2022;34(8 Pt B):6019–39.
26.
CZECH P. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A BASIC PROBLEM WHEN IMPLEMENTING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology Series Transport. 2024;122:49–60.
27.
Ragnoli M, Barile G, Leoni A, Ferri G, Stornelli V. An autonomous low-power LoRa-based flood-monitoring system. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications. 2020 May 10;10(2):15.
28.
Borrero JD, Zabalo A. An Autonomous Wireless Device for Real-Time Monitoring of Water Needs. Sensors. 2020 Apr 7;20:2078.
29.
Müller SR, Bayer JB, Ross MQ, Mount J, Stachl C, Harari GM, et al. Analyzing GPS data for psychological research: a tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 2022;5(2):25152459221082680.
30.
Cattani M, Boano CA, Römer K. An experimental evaluation of the reliability of LoRa long-range lowpower wireless communication. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2017;6(2):7.
31.
Hohensinn R, Stauffer R, Glaner MF, Herrera Pinzón ID, Vuadens E, Rossi Y, et al. Low-cost GNSS and real-time PPP: assessing the precision of the u-blox ZED-F9P for kinematic monitoring applications. 2022;14(20):5100.
32.
Kinsey JC, Whitcomb LL. Preliminary field experience with the DVLNAV integrated navigation system for oceanographic submersibles. Control Engineering Practice. 2004;12(12):1541–9.
33.
Günay FB, Öztürk E, Çavdar T, Hanay YS. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) Localization Techniques: A Survey. A survey Arch Comput Methods Eng. 2021;28:3001–33.
34.
Abumansoor O, Boukerche A. A Secure Cooperative Approach for Nonline-of-Sight Location Verification in VANET. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2011 Nov 4;61(1):275–85.
35.
Malbašić V. THE STRATEGY OF MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA THROUGH THE GLOBALIZATION ERA. Archives for Technical Sciences. 2021 Dec;2(25):17–28.
36.
Latif AZ, Agrab AS, Malik GH. Study of Global Financial Crises and their Effects on Accounting Systems. Int Acad J Soc Sci . 2022;9(2):21–6.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
,
