This paper outlines the design and development of a blockchain-secured pharmaceutical supply chain traceability system that uses IoT and cloud computing to overcome the major problems in pharmaceutical manufacturing, including counterfeiting, fraud, and regulatory compliance. The system consists of IoT equipment, such as RFID tags, environmental sensors, and GPS trackers, to allow tracking and monitoring of products in real-time by offering data integrity, transparency, and security through blockchain. A Smart contract and Proof of Authority consensus mechanism verify products and enforce regulations and efficiency in operation. The proposed system has been demonstrated to have a performance evaluation of 98.5 % traceability accuracy, a system response time of 2 seconds, and 100 % data integrity, which is a major improvement in terms of security and operational efficiency over traditional systems. The system is practical since it saves 30 % of the time spent on manual verification and nearly 30 % of product recalls. The most important statistical findings are the predictability of supply chain disruption 65% and the predictability of temperature variations 80% to ensure that products sensitive to environmental variations are stored properly. Although the proposed system presents a radical solution to pharmaceutical supply chain management, issues like high startup costs and scaling are still there. Future studies are needed to enhance the scalability of blockchains and lower the cost of IoT devices to enable smaller manufacturers to use this system.
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