Lecturer, College of Nursing, University of Al-Qadisiyah , Al-Qadisiyah , Iraq
Problem: Lithium-ion batteries are normally inhibited by mechanical degradation under the influence of diffusion that leads to rapid charging of the batteries. The non-uniform lithium concentration gradients, which trigger internal strain, bending, and interfacial failure, contribute to this problem in thick, porous electrodes. While these risks are well-known, there remains a critical gap in existing research for a macro-scale framework that can link practical fabrication parameters to mechanical stability in a computationally efficient way. Methodology: To bridge this gap, developed a coupled chemo-thermo -mechanical macro-scale model designed to quantify electrode stability during cycling. This model is a combination of the second law of Fick, wherein eigenstrain is caused by lithiation, and the elastic-viscoplastic deformation is considered, but the thermal effects are also considered. Also tested the model using a synthetic dataset, the interaction between electrode thickness (50–200 5 C) and the charging rates (0.5 C–5 C), and discretized the model with finite differentiation. Results: Results indicate that peak von Mises stress increases nonlinearly with both C-rate and electrode thickness. At charging rates above 2–3C, peak stress is more than 60% higher than quasi-static values. Thermal coupling further amplifies peak stress by 10–20%, while an ablation study confirms that viscoelastic relaxation is critical, as its removal increases predicted peak stress by 32%. Conclusion: The model provides a computationally efficient screening tool for optimizing electrode layouts such as thickness and porosity before undergoing rigorous micro-scale simulations. By utilizing the Damköhler number and a specialized fracture index, the framework successfully identifies mechanically safe operating windows to mitigate interfacial delamination during fast-charging protocols.
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