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Original scientific article

A HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURE FOR AUTOMATED MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS USING HIGH-DIMENSIONAL CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL DATA

By
Komal Saxena Orcid logo ,
Komal Saxena

Amity University , Noida , India

M. Praneesh Orcid logo ,
M. Praneesh

Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science , Coimbatore , India

S. Nancy Lima Christy Orcid logo ,
S. Nancy Lima Christy

SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Chennai , India

K. Nandhini Orcid logo ,
K. Nandhini

Sridevi Women's Engineering College , Hyderabad , India

Tolib Rajabov Orcid logo ,
Tolib Rajabov

Termez University of Economics and Service , Termez , Uzbekistan

M. Nalini Orcid logo ,
M. Nalini

J.K.K Nataraja College of Arts & Science , Namakkal , India

Shalu Gupta Orcid logo
Shalu Gupta

Guru Kashi University , Sardulgarh , India

Abstract

The speed of the electronic healthcare system, clinical information system, and biomedical sensing technologies has resulted in the creation of extremely huge high-dimensional and heterogeneous medical data. Such data have substantial potential to automatically diagnose diseases, but are difficult to use because they are feature redundant, nonlinear, these models are often scalable and result in a limited interpretability of many existing models. Traditional machine learning (ML) techniques are based on manually designed features and do not always scale to high-dimensional inputs, whereas the deep learning (DL) ones, despite their mightiness, usually demand large annotated datasets and heavy computational resources. The proposed paper aims to suggest a hybrid architecture of ML and DL based on automated medical diagnosis on high-dimensional clinical and biomedical data, where deep learning based on representation learning is used together with effective classical classifiers. It consists of preprocessing (normalization, filling in of missing values, dimensionality reduction) and deep feature embedding with a hierarchical neural network and classification with optimized ML models. The proposed hybrid framework has an accuracy of 93.7, precision of 93.2, recall of 92.8, F1- score of 93.0 and AUC-ROC of 0.96, which is 3.4 to 7.3 percentage points better than standalone ML and DL models. These findings show that the hybrid design is better in diagnostic performance with less complexity of inference and scalability. The proposed system is thus seen to provide a viable and strong solution to smart e-health applications that aid in the credible automation of medical diagnosis and decision support in intelligent healthcare settings.

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